ch3 review silberschatz operating systems concepts essentials 2nd ed

Section 3.1
3.1 What are the four components of a process? the stack which contains temporary information such as function parameters return addresses and local variables, the data section which contains global variables, the code or text section, the heap the program counter and contents
3.2 Provide at least three possible states a process may be in. new running waiting ready terminated
3.3 What is a Process Control Block (PCB)? it is the representation within the operating system of a process containing the state of the process the program counter which contains the address of the next instruction to be executed for the process, the cpu registers, the cpu scheduling information, memory management information, accounting information, and IO status information
3.4 What is another term for process? job
3.5 True or False? Most operating systems allow a process to have multiple threads. True
Section 3.2
3.6 What is the role of the process scheduler? The process scheduler selects an available process for execution on the cpu
3.7 What is the degree of multiprogramming? the number of processes in memory controlled by the long term scheduler
3.8 What is the term that describes saving the state of one process, and restoring the state of another? context switch
3.9 What is the term that describes saving the state of one process, and restoring the state of another? when an interrupt occurs the system needs to save the current context of the process running on the cpu so that it can restore that context when its processing is done essentially suspending the process. it includes the value o the cpu registers the process state and memory management information this task is known as a context switch.
Section 3.3
3.10 What is a process identifier(PID)? typically a unique integer assigned to a process by the operating system
3.11 What system call creates a process on UNIX systems? fork()
3.12 What system call creates a process on Windows systems? CreateProcess()
3.13 What system call terminates a process on UNIX systems? exit()
3.14 What is the name of the process that UNIX and Linux systems assign as the new parent of orphan processes? init
Section 3.4
3.15 What are the two fundamental models of interprocess communication? shared memory and message passing
3.16 What are the two system calls used with message-passing systems? send(message), receive(message)
3.17 True or False? Message passing is typically faster than shared memory. False
3.18 How must shared memory behave for a rendezvous to occur? when both send() and receive() are blocking we have a rendezvous betwen the sender and the receiver
Section 3.5
3.19 What system call is used to create a POSIX shared memory object? ftruncate()
3.20 What system call is used to configure the size of a POSIX shared memory object? shm_open()
3.21 What term does Mach use to describe mailboxes? ports
3.22 What system call does Mach use to create a new mailbox? port_allocate()
3.23 What term does Windows use to name its message passing facility? advanced local procedure call
Section 3.6
3.24 Provide at least two types of communication mechanisms in client-server systems. sockets pipes and remote procedure calls
3.25 TCP sockets are (a) connection-oriented or (b) connection-less? connection-oriented
3.26 UDP sockets are (a) connection-oriented or (b) connection-less? connection-less
3.27 abstract procedure calls for use between systems with network connections. remote procedure calls
3.28 What is parametermarshaling? packaging parameters into a form that can be sent over a network
3.29 What are the two types of pipes? ordinary pipes, named pipes