Data dependance

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As mentioned previously, the structure of data storage files is often defined within the application code that manipulates the files. In other words, the data and its structure depend on the application program that accesses it. This fact makes the changing the existing structure of the data storage files difficult. Not only musta  program be written to make the changes to the file, but also any other programs that access the files must be changed to reflect the new structure of the data storage files. This anomaly is known as program-data dependance.

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